Wednesday 30 September 2009

Jupiter

Last night we popped outside and happened to notice a very bright object close to the moon. It increased in size when viewed through binoculars, so we concluded that it was probably a planet. A quick check on the Internet revealed that this was indeed correct, and that the planet in question was Jupiter. The sky was at this point fairly cloud-free and so we thought it would be worth our while to get the telescope out. It had been a long time since I'd looked at anything through the scope and so I was filled with child-like excitement when I got my first close-up peek. It got even better when we switched to an eyepiece offering higher magnification, and after a bit of work fine-tuning the focus we were able to make out two of the red bands wrapped around the planet's girth, and possibly one of its moons.

It is easy to forget that the rest of the universe exists when we are trapped here on Earth, absorbed in the minutiae of our mundane terrestrial lives, unable to even see many of the stars due to the dirty brown haze emanating from our cities. When we do take the time to look up it is difficult to absorb the reality of what we see: how can there be so many stars, how can they be so far away, how many millennia old can the light hitting our eyes right now really be? Actually seeing a planet for yourself, and it looking vaguely like the object you've seen in countless pictures brings home the fact that however incomprehensible the universe may be to our Earth-shackled minds, it is indisputably real. All you need to do is look. And when you do it is a wonderful experience.

Jupiter as photographed by NASA. They have a rather bigger telescope than I do.

Monday 28 September 2009

Blackberry and elderberry cordial

I noticed a little while ago that a fair number of blackberries were lurking in the hedgerow running down the side of the garden. A good proportion of these have now ripened, and so yesterday I decided it was time to harvest them. This is a hazardous endeavour, not only because of the prickly thorns on the brambles themselves, but also due to the ranks of stinging nettles lined up to defend them. Armed with long sleeves, long trousers and insufficiently long socks (resulting in stings all around my ankles) I ventured out, and before long had almost a kilogram of shiny blackberries, with a few elderberries chucked in for good measure.

Once the berries had been collected, we had to decide what to do with them, and although it was tempting to try and produce some wine or other alcoholic beverage we eventually plumped for the instant gratification of a cordial. Should you be inclined to try this yourself, here are some instructions:

  • Put the berries in a colander and wash them under running water. Perform this step even if you would normally eat the blackberries straight off the bush as it will make your mother much happier about the whole enterprise.
  • Remove errant snail from colander.
  • Dump the berries in a big heavy saucepan.
  • Add enough water so that the berries are all covered. Then chuck in a bit more for no apparent reason.
  • Add some sugar. The amount of sugar should be equal to what is available in the cupboard minus the amount that will probably be needed for cups of tea later in the day. For us, this worked out to be about 400 g.
  • Let the mixture simmer until the berries are starting to burst, or until you get bored, whichever is soonest.
  • Realise that you don't have a sieve available, and so find a (admittedly jumbo-sized) tea strainer to use instead. One ladleful at a time, strain your berry mixture into a large bowl, using a spoon to squish as much of the juice out as possible. Find another bowl to put the leftover solids in.
  • Use a potato masher to extract the last bit of juice from said leftover solids. Wish you had a bit of muslin, as that would make this step much easier.
  • Sample a bit of the liquid, and be pleasantly surprised. Chuck in an arbitrary amount of cinnamon, and stir.
  • Leave the cordial to cool, then bottle.

The cordial we produced by this method was actually rather nice. We used about one third cordial and two thirds water, and added a few drops of lemon juice before serving. Next time I would use slightly less sugar, but other than this minor quibble the whole endeavour was remarkably successful.

Friday 25 September 2009

A breakthrough HIV vaccine?

Over the last couple of days the media has been full of stories reporting the results of a HIV vaccine trial, purporting to be the first ever to show that such a vaccine is both possible and safe. Although the reported efficiency of the vaccine in preventing HIV infection is just 31%, it is being portrayed as a major breakthrough given that all the other candidates so far developed have been unsuccessful. It does indeed sound like a huge step forward; one that is much needed given the ever-increasing number of people affected by the virus. However, my suspicions were stirred when I saw the numbers involved: out of a group of 8197 given the vaccine 51 people became infected over the three-year trial period, whereas out of a group of 8198 given a placebo 74 became HIV-positive. These numbers are small. It was claimed that the results were still statistically significant, but not being one to take media science stories at face value, I wanted to check for myself. My mind was full of questions: how did the people in the two groups compare, how were they chosen, were the ones who became infected simply at a higher risk than the others? The research paper would surely give me these answers.

Except that it didn't. Why? Because it doesn't even exist yet. All these articles in the media have been produced off the back of a press release, a document produced by the division of the US military running the trial which of course has an interest in the favourable dissemination of the results. Nothing has yet been peer-reviewed, there is no way for anyone interested to make their own interpretation of the results, to banish any suspicions they may have.

So why did they issue the press release this week? Why not let the story break on the same day as the full results are published in a reputable journal? The vaccine isn't going to save thousands of lives imminently, so it hardly matters if the news comes out today or in a week’s time. It is perfectly possible to let journalists know about the story beforehand, so that they can get their story prepared, but have them agree to only publish it at the same time as the scientific article comes out; this kind of arrangement happens all the time. Why didn't it in this case? The cynic in me wonders what they had to hide, and so I automatically become less trusting of the results.

I truly hope that it was a very carefully controlled study, that the results are reliable and that it really does herald a new leap forward in the worldwide fight against HIV. Other things about the trial which make me uncomfortable (such as the fact that it was run by the US military but carried out on people from Thailand) may well prove to have very reasonable explanations. It's just that without being able to see the evidence myself, I don't know, fellow scientists don't know, and the journalists certainly don't know, and that is a bad situation for all concerned.

Read the press release

Thursday 24 September 2009

Spiders, spiders everywhere!

I like creepy crawlies. I'm not the kind of person who will run a mile if an insect scuttles past; I’m much more likely to pick it up and inspect it more closely. So yesterday I decided to wander around the garden and see how many spiders I could find. And I can conclude that they are absolutely everywhere. I can also conclude that they are not that bright, as several seemed to go to huge amounts of effort to build beautifully-crafted webs directly behind those of other spiders, thus guaranteeing that no flies could possibly come their way. Many more decided to set up home on the doors of an old shed, piling layer upon layer of sticky yarn over the door handle and hinges. Again, a position where catching bugs is unlikely.

In fact, they seemed to be making such a concerted effort to prevent the shed from ever being opened again that it left me wondering if there’s something inside that the spiders don't want us to see. Maybe they're not so stupid after all...

Wednesday 23 September 2009

Bye-bye bluefin tuna

Yesterday the European Union decided not to impose a temporary ban on the fishing of bluefin tuna. Specifically, Mediterranean countries with lots of fishermen such as Spain, Italy, Greece and shockingly France (whose president had appeared to be seeing sense on the issue) blocked the move, citing insufficient scientific evidence (?!!) and the economic drawbacks of such a ban.

This is the kind of news which makes me very very angry, and makes me despair of politicians. If our leaders are so short-sighted and downright stupid what hope is there for the future? They don't seem to understand that if you fish a species to extinction now, it (by definition) won't be there in the future. I'm sure life must be difficult for the fishermen who are returning with ever decreasing catches, and there probably are some who are genuinely struggling to feed their children. But if they carry on this way, in a few years’ time there will be no tuna left at all, and what will they do then?

Fish are not an infinite resource, they have to be left to breed if you want more. So doing things like taking the young ones and fattening them up in captivity, thereby removing any chances of them ever reproducing, is clearly a very silly idea. As is catching in the region of 50,000 tonnes of bluefin in a year when scientists estimate that the removal of any more than 15,000 tonnes will almost certainly push the species beyond the brink of no return.

But hey, if politicians dare to think long-term they might temporarily lose the vote of the fishing community, and that is of course a much more important consideration than the potential loss of an entire species...

Tuesday 22 September 2009

Cnicht and the Moelwyns

After far too long an absence, I finally returned to Snowdonia this weekend. Wanting to steer clear of the hordes and also wanting that rare commodity of a Welsh hill we hadn't already been up, we decided to stay just south west of Blaenau Ffestiniog and try out the Moelwyns for size.

Hence on Saturday morning we found ourselves tramping up to the summit of Cnicht, a rather deceptive hill commonly referred to as the Welsh Matterhorn. Indeed, from the village of Croesor in the valley bottom it appears a sharply pointed, towering beast, however as you ascend the very pleasant path it becomes clear that the monster is actually quite diminutive, and the top is easily attained. By the time we got there the cloud had alas descended and so our efforts were rewarded only by that most common of Welsh views: soggy greyness in every direction.

Undeterred we continued north, down the gentle ridge to Llyn yr Adar, lake of the birds. The terrain here is grassy, with lots of little humps and bumps and little in the way of clear paths, making navigation rather tricky. Visibility had reduced to less than five metres, and it wasn't long before we had an inkling that we weren't quite in the place that we had meant to be; the 'path' we had been following had veered too far to the south. Out came the map and compass, and after much squinting into the clag in search of a feature, any feature, we worked out what had gone wrong. We strode forth on a bearing of due east and within a few minutes the cloud lifted a little to reveal our target: a ruined slate mine.

Such relics of our industrial heritage are always impressive, and having them appear as if out of nowhere adds significantly to the atmosphere. We descended into the crumbling buildings, now populated only by sheep, and had a good explore, finding an old wheel here, a still-intact fireplace there. Entrances to the mines are dotted all over the place and the temptation to venture inside is strong. Tales from cavers of the instability of such places, and an unwillingness to get our feet wet, caused us to resist.

Instead we continued with the walk, beginning the ascent of the next hill by hauling ourselves up long-disused inclines. Dubious-looking slate walls towered precipitously over us, and multiple signs warned of danger. Such things did nothing to dampen our mood however, as the sun was coming out, the clouds were rising steadily higher and it had all the makings of a thoroughly nice afternoon. Indeed by the time we reached the summit of Moelwyn Mawr the last vestiges of clag had disappeared and the view was incredible.

I have always struggled to get my mental map of Snowdonia right, the hills just haven't seemed to click together in the way that those in the Lakes or the Yorkshire Dales do. The Moelwyns have gone a long way to solving this problem for me; in fact I don't think there is anywhere better from which to survey the Welsh mountains. The whole panorama stretches out in front of you: Snowdon, the Glyders and the Nantlle Ridge to the north; the Rhinogs and Cadair Idris to the south, to name but a few. And, because the Moelwyns are rather less famous than many of these, you are likely to get the view all to yourself.

The remainder of the walk led us over the satisfyingly-rocky spine of Craigysgafn, up to the final top of Moelwyn Bach. We reluctantly took one last look around us then began the descent, an easy stroll down a fairly wide grass-covered ridge. After a short stint along the edge of a wood and about a kilometre on a rarely used road we were back where we had started. We garnered some strange looks in the car park by doing some stretches, sneaked a Revel to a dog with a nose tuned to chocolate, and then headed off to the cafe for well-deserved tea and cake.

Friday 18 September 2009

Pollock's Toy Museum

London, a place where I have been spending a lot of time recently, is full of things to see and do. Unfortunately this fact is well known and so it is also full of people, who are wont to get in the way and detract from the whole experience. It is rather harder to appreciate a painting if there is a crowd three-deep in front of it, for example. I have therefore been trying to seek out the less obvious places to go in an attempt to escape the hordes of tourists.

One such place is Pollock’s Toy Museum, situated just off Tottenham Court Road just west of Goodge Street tube station. Despite containing hundreds, if not thousands, of toys, this is not a museum aimed at children. Walking inside is like entering an Angela Carter novel and can be rather disconcerting. Eyes stare at you from everywhere: from the cracked wax face of an ancient doll, the threadbare head of a long-dead child's prized teddy bear, the maniacal glare of a wooden Punch puppet. A place not of dreams but of nightmares.

The building itself adds to the mood. Despite being two houses joined together the feeling is one of claustrophobia, with narrow twisting staircases leading to a maze-like collection of tiny rooms. Every bit of wall holds a display case, the contents collected together in themes which vary from room to room. There are doll's houses, wind-up tin machines, toy theatres, board games; toys from Europe, the Far East and Africa; soldiers, castles, farmyards. I especially appreciated a beautifully-made wooden Noah's ark in which the grasshoppers were the same size as the lions.

It is both fascinating and frightening, it makes the visitor feel both illuminated and ill at ease. But most of all, it makes you wonder why our ancestors insisted on making children's playthings that were so downright creepy. Then again, with things like Bratz dolls currently being hugely popular, maybe all kids want is to be given the heebie jeebies...

Pollock's Toy Museum

Image by user Mupshot on Wikimedia Commons

Thursday 17 September 2009

Protons for Breakfast

The British Science Festival recently took place in Guildford, Surrey. Speakers such as Simon Singh and Robert Winston took to the floor in order to enthuse people about science, to batter down its complicated, unfriendly image and to show how important it is in everyday life. I was involved on the opening Saturday, representing the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, an organisation for which I do not, and have never, worked) for the second time at such an outreach event.

My job was to lure passers-by in, to pique their interest sufficiently that they turned up to one of the 90 minute lectures that NPL were running. In order to do this we had been supplied with some fun toys: a static electricity wand, a Wimshurst machine and copious amounts of liquid nitrogen. The wand was great for the smaller children, who ran about the place suspending foil shapes in mid-air, and the older ones were suitably impressed by the sparks produced by the Wimshurst machine. Best of all however, was the liquid nitrogen. We smashed leaves to smithereens after dipping them in it, then briefly put our own hands in before removing them unscathed. The assembled crowds gasped as we spilled it over the table, and we had great fun with balloons, putting them in the dewar (essentially a big thermos flask) so that they shrunk down to nothing and then placing them back on the table where they slowly increased to full size as if by magic.

The best tricks (including the glowing gherkin and the electric sausage) were left for the lectures, devised and delivered by the fantastic Michael de Podesta MBE. These covered the themes of electricity, light and heat; basic topics which are often poorly understood. They all boil down to essentially the same thing: jiggling. The atoms in hot things jiggle much more than the atoms in cold things, as they jiggle they give out light, and so on. A great way of describing things, and one which was lapped up by the audience.

The lectures were in fact a very condensed version of the first three sessions of a six-week evening course that Michael runs, called 'Protons for Breakfast'. The aim of the course is to give people a basic understanding of science so that when confronted with the latest media scare story they can cut through the rubbish and make up their own minds. It has so far been hugely successful, and I would highly recommend it to anyone living in the Teddington area. The course is suitable for everyone aged from 9 to 99 who wants to get a better understanding of how everything in science fits together.

Protons for Breakfast
British Science Festival

Well, it's easier than transporting it back to Teddington...

Tuesday 15 September 2009

Cat plays table football

For some reason or another on Sunday evening we ended up watching some old home movies, the kind which are alternately hilarious and excruciating depending on whether you are currently the person onscreen. I truly hope that the vast majority never makes it into the public domain, but I feel this clip needs to be shared. The title says it all really, and I personally think it's brilliant. The cat in question is a little tortoiseshell called Frisky, who was huge amounts of fun but was sadly lacking in road sense. The poor thing actually ended up spending several weeks of her life stuck in a rabbit hutch so that she could recover from a broken pelvis, an injury sustained in a collision with a car. Alas she did not learn from this lesson and so was only with us for a short period of time. She did however, as you can see, live her brief life in style.

The quality is poor as the original was filmed many years ago using an enormous clunky Video8 Camcorder, but after much manipulation I have managed to get it into a post-able form. The background music I believe is Led Zeppelin, a fine example of the classic rock I was brought up on. Enjoy.

Monday 14 September 2009

Culture? In Swindon?!

On Saturday I went to see the Old Town Theatre Company's (OTTC) production of ‘The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists’ at the Swindon Arts Centre. The play, written by Stephen Lowe and based upon the novel by Robert Tressell, charts the progress of a group of painters and decorators, and that of their employers, over a brief period of time in Edwardian England. This may not sound the most promising of themes, but within a few minutes I was gripped. It begins with the workers chatting as they get on with their job, and it soon becomes clear that there is a socialist in their midst, the opinionated and highly skilled Frank Owen (there is a particularly inspired scene in which Owen explains how capitalism works using no other props than knives and slices of bread). Pitted against him we have the foremen and the owners, who are bleeding their workers dry and in the process becoming filthy rich, having convinced themselves that they are worthy of such excessive remuneration because they ‘work with their minds’ whereas the workers ‘work with their hands'. The struggle for survival in which the workers are embroiled is wonderfully evoked, and we empathise fully with their dilemma: do they fight to try and change the system, and risk losing their livelihoods, or do they shut up and bear it, reminding themselves that they are fortunate to have a job at all?

The acting was uniformly excellent; the only quibble I could think of being that the accents were wont to lapse from thick Yorkshire back into Swindonian. This was an amateur production, but if I hadn't known this I wouldn't have guessed it. And being amateur, it was incredibly cheap at just £7.50 for a full price ticket - a bargain by any estimation. The set and props were basic, but this was what was needed, the play after all being about a group living in abject poverty. In short, it was a thoroughly enjoyable evening and I would strongly urge anyone in the Swindon area to go along to the OTTC’s next production.

The OTTC website
Swindon Arts Centre

Friday 11 September 2009

Photo-shoot

Today I went on a photo-shoot. The concept of a photo-shoot sounds glamorous and exciting (or if like me you hate having your photo taken, daunting): bright lights, impeccable styling, diva-like photographers making sure that every last thing is put precisely in its place.

This was nothing like that.

Instead I was the token under-50-year-old in a small group whose job it was to stand on footpaths and look grumpy. More precisely, narrow, ugly, fenced-off footpaths going across beautiful countryside which used to be freely accessible to all, but which has now been taken over by hugely affluent developers in order that they can build second homes for their equally affluent friends. Not surprisingly, local people get rather upset when this happens, but having little financial clout their views count for rather less than those of city bankers who want to buy their own little bit of sanitised 'countryside' as a weekend retreat. This has been taking place for some time in the area in which I grew up, but now a persistent soul who lives a few miles away (where the situation is even worse) has managed to get a national newspaper interested. Okay, so it's the Sunday Express, not a rag I'd usually pay money for, but it's better than nothing. So this morning we tramped out and, under the direction of a very friendly and not at all prissy photographer, walked up and down some rather unattractive footpaths very slowly. Repeatedly. Two hours and heaven knows how many clicks of the shutter later, we were done.


The kind of thing that gets our goat.

Thursday 10 September 2009

This is me

I am a PhD student who has been suffering from chronic wrist pain for the past year. I have therefore been spending my time doing not a lot when I should have been in a lab playing with ultrafast lasers. Unfortunately for me, most things in life involve the use of hands, and so the amount I can do (be it typing, scrambling, sport, chopping vegetables etc.) has been drastically reduced. Fortunately for me, voice recognition software has improved in leaps and bounds since I first came across it many years ago, so I can now 'talk into the machine' and words bearing a pretty good resemblance to what I actually said will appear on screen. This blog is an attempt to force myself to write something every weekday, which should in turn force me to do as many interesting things as possible so that I have something to write about!